Advances in characterizing the genetics of cavefish and their surface counterparts are addressed in this review as an ideal system to study adaptation and evolution.

A given organism’s genetics and environment both contribute to its observable traits that includes behavior. While A. mexicanus surface fish and cavefish originally had identical genetics, prolonged periods spent in dark, nutrient limited caves influenced the genes and subsequently the traits of the cavefish. These include the loss of eyes and pigmentation, elevated blood sugar and fat levels, and changes in behavior, a linkage not well studied on evolutionary timescales.

For Swaminathan and Xia, the writing experience was a challenging, yet ultimately, rewarding opportunity for collaboration.

“While it was challenging to assimilate large quantities of information into something coherent, writing this review helped me understand what teamwork entails,” said Swaminathan. “I learned the benefits of discussion and communication that allowed Fanning and I to help each other understand difficult concepts.”

“Working closely with Amruta was a highlight,” Xia said. “It was difficult at times for us to put evidence together, but I think it was a great experience to have such an integrated practice of research, writing, and teamwork.”